
AMP is a way to build web pages for static content that render fast. Accelerated Mobile Pages (AMP) is an open content ecosystem which aims at giving the user a great reading and surfing experience.
Speed has always been the main quality criteria for Google as page load speed is the first impression that the user gets about the website.
The AMP ecosystem works entirely on the concept of caching. Hence, understanding the importance of the AMP cache is imperative for every SEO and online marketer who, advocate the implementation of AMP to their clients.

AMP in action consists of three different parts:
• AMP HTML
• AMP JS
• Google AMP cache
AMP HTML
AMP HTML is a subset of HTML for authoring content pages such as news articles which helps improve UX by reducing the page load time.
AMP JS
To avoid the delay in page rendering AMP manages resource handling and asynchronous loading but third-party JavaScript is kept out of the critical path.
Google AMP Cache
The Google AMP Cache is a proxy-based content delivery network for delivering all valid AMP documents. It fetches AMP HTML pages, caches them, and improves page performance automatically.
What is a Cache server?
A cache server is a dedicated network server or service acting as a server that saves Web pages or other Internet content locally. By placing previously requested information in temporary storage, or cache, a cache server both speeds up access to data and reduces demand on an enterprise's bandwidth.
What is Google AMP Cache?
The Google AMP Cache is a cache of validated AMP documents published to the web. It is available for anyone to use. Google products, including Google Search, serve valid AMP documents and their resources from the cache to provide a fast user experience across the mobile web.
The concerns regarding AMP Cache are:
• The major concern for many is that their pages are served from a cached server which is out of their control.
• Many are also worried about the fact that the cached version served to the user may vary from the original version.
• Analytics attribution is another concern regarding AMP.
But, in fact there is no reason to worry about the AMP Cache delivery network.
• Every time the AMP content is served from the AMP Cache, the content is auto updated, and the updated version is served to the next user.
• The AMP cache uses the "stale-while-revalidate" model. It uses the original server caching headers, such as Max-Age, to judge the freshness of the content.
• The AMP cache model attributes the traffic to the publisher through the <amp-analytics> tag. The AMP supports a large number of analytics providers.
• When the AMP page is requested from the AMP cache, it is validated first. The page will not be served to the user if any problems are detected. Hence, it ensures quality pages are displayed on the user’s device.
• The main reason for a fast and user friendly experience is the pre-rendering feature. Due to pre-rendering the pages are served instantly.
• This is pre-rendering undoubtedly can be done from origin servers instead of the AMP cache but that uses up the bandwidth, CPU resources and battery of that server. This may affect the speed and contradict the main purpose of hosting AMP pages.
• The AMP cache also ensures security against XSS as in does not allow Cross-site scripting in the main document.
• Moreover, AMP is a win-win for users, publishers and advertisers. When you search on a search platform, the AMP pages as they come from the cache they do not associate the search term to it.
Optimizations, Modifications And HTML sanitization
The Google AMP Cache performs optimizations and modifications, such as the following:
• Validates if the content meets all the AMP norms.
• The AMP Cache along with the document caches images and fonts too.
• Optimizes image dimensions to prevent memory issues and poor responsiveness.
• The amp-img tag removes the EXIF data and some metadata which can create issues or may be invisible.
• Converts GIF, PNG, and JPEG format images to WebP in browsers that support WebP.
• Serves over a secure channel (HTTPS) and uses the latest web protocols (SPDY, HTTP/2).
• In making the above transformations, the Google AMP Cache disregards the “Cache-Control: no-transform” header.
• All HTML comments are removed.
• Tag and attribute names are rewritten in lowercase.
• Attribute values are consistently quoted and escaped.
• All tags are closed, except for HTML5 void elements.
• Whitespace inside tags is removed.
• Text is escaped.
• Encoded text characters are simplified, using UTF-8 equivalent characters.
• Elements that can only be in the body get moved into the body.
• Outbound links are made absolute so that they continue to work when the document is served from the Google AMP Cache origin instead of the publisher origin.
The Google AMP cache not only ensures optimization of web pages but also validates them. Regarding Ads. Last year the Google AMP team laid out four core principles i.e speed, beauty, security and how to use all these 3 together.
If the AMP pages are being served from the cache then how will the ads be displayed?
The AMP Project announced the open source AMP for Ads initiative in July to work on the UX regarding ads on AMP pages. The initiative’s goal is to fix the foundation of digital advertising on the web, applying the principles of AMP to advertising and making ads faster, more beautiful and secure.
Since the announcement, AMP Ads have come a long way. Publishers across the world like The Washington Post, The Guardian, and USAToday have been testing AMP Ads experience for Publishers and users.
If the AMP pages are being served from the cache, then, what about the ads on the AMP pages?
There is still a long way to go and Google is yet exploring the use of AMP for ads.
According to Google, In the future:
• ads will be statically analyzable to be safe and behave well,
• they will be able to use a common set of functionality to significantly reduce bandwidth consumption,
• CPU usage will be limited to on-screen ads, maximizing battery life,
• and ads will be coordinated with the page making sure that primary content and functionality can always be buttery smooth at 60 frames per second.
Google says, we are trying to build a user-experience-first ecosystem for advertising on the web and, looking at the success of AMP in publishing, it might just work.

Google's core principle is: "Focus on the user and all else will follow." Page load time is a website's first impression for the user. That impression is directly correlated to the bounce rate of traffic to that website. User experience starts when the page loads and continues to be enriched with every tap or click. When each subsequent page loads like you are flipping a magazine, the user forms a positive impression of the whole experience of browsing that website. Undoubtedly, a seamless browsing experience leads to engaged users and results in more clicks, repeat visits, and more sales.
As traffic increasingly comes from mobile devices now, site speed is a crucial aspect of any website.
Google has been working on speeding up Google websites and has also been encouraging website owners to improve site speed with their latest developments: AMP and PWA. Both are different but can deliver amazing user experience when implemented together.
Accelerated Mobile Pages (AMP) are lightweight pages designed to load quickly on mobile devices. AMPs are served from the Google AMP Cache, which is a proxy-based content delivery network for delivering all valid AMP documents. It fetches AMP HTML pages, caches them, and improves page performance automatically.
AMP can ensure instant page load but cannot retain the same performance in case of complex functions like online payments and other dynamic functionality. That is where Progressive Web Apps (PWA) come to the rescue.
PWA adds the advantages of a native app to the website. PWA uses features like Service Workers, Push Notifications, and Web App Manifests.
What Is a Service Worker?
A Service Worker is a scriptable intermediate layer between the web page and the network. It is a script that the browser runs in the background, separate from a web page. It includes features like push notifications and background sync.
A Service Worker gives access to an API that provides a programmable network proxy within the client-side context. It makes it easier to create web applications that can handle network requests offline while browsing in varying network speeds. At times, an HTTP request is made but a response is not received on the mobile devices, which can happen when the user goes through a tunnel, or the network varies from 2G to 3G, or the user automatically joins a saturated WiFi network. The Service Worker allows developers to cache assets when connected and offers a seamless experience when offline so user experience is maintained.
Things to Note About a Service Worker
Web App Manifests
The web app manifest is a JSON file. It is a simple text file which has the metadata for the app. This JSON allows you:
When the app is launched, you can specify which page gets loaded as well as the screen orientation (portrait/landscape view).
Why Do We Need to Take PWA Seriously?


In 2013, according to Flurry Analytics, 80% of the mobile user’s time was spent inside apps and 20% on the mobile web.
The Mobile User Experience Journey From AMP to PWA
Publications like the Washington Post have reported great success with PWA and AMP. The two technologies complement each other: “AMP is a way to start fast, and PWA is a way to stay fast and stay engaged."
AMP helps in getting content to users faster by improving page load performance. PWA uses modern web capabilities to deliver an app-like user experience. AMP is like putting the website on a diet to give a lean display, whereas PWA is the necessary protein given to the website for a continuous robust performance. AMP helps in creating the first positive impression but PWA helps in retaining it.
Image Credits
Featured Image: https://events.google.com
In post Images: http://flurrymobile.tumblr.com/

SEO in 2017 is more technical than ever before. The SEO industry has reached an era where, the true identity and importance of SEO services has started being spelt out.
Search engine algorithms now are more sophisticated and can see thru spam more efficiently. So, if you are trying to manipulate the search results using old black hat techniques then you should quit the SEO industry immediately.

The array of seven entities which will create the SEO spectrum for 2017 are:
We all have heard since long that, Content is “King”. Content will continue to reign supreme. As, without quality content, no web presence can serve any purpose. Only when the content is original, informative, compelling, it answers the user queries and also is in the right format, the users will be interested in reading or viewing it. SEO efforts can only help in improving the search presence of the content. But if the bounce rates are high and the content does not serve the purpose of the user then the bots are also going to push the content back in the search results.
AMP is an open source initiative by Google launched in October 2015. After working on the AMP Project and indexing AMP, Google has started showing AMP in search results since September 2016.
Accelerated Mobile Pages (AMP) are lightweight pages designed to load quickly on mobile devices. AMP-compliant pages use a subset of HTML with a few extensions. AMP improves the user experience by reducing the page load time by displaying the lighter version of the web page. If in case the website is not AMP compliant then having a responsive website is a must because mobile-friendliness is a ranking factor.
There are more number of mobile devices than the number of people in the world. Google soon is going to have a separate index for mobile which will be a primary one. If your website is not mobile-friendly or responsive and is neither AMP compliant then having a good mobile search presence is just not possible.
Structured data refers to kinds of data with a high level of organization, such as information in a relational database. When information is highly structured and predictable, search engines can more easily organize and display it in creative ways.
Structured data markup is a text-based organization of data that is included in a file and served from the web. It typically uses the schema.org vocabulary—an open community effort to promote standard structured data in a variety of online applications.
Structured Data on a web page can be provided by using:
JSON-LD is the recommended format. Google is in the process of adding JSON-LD support for all markup-powered features. By adding structured data you are adding meaning and relevance to it for the search engines to correlate better.
Google also encourages the use of structured data by giving information regarding it in Search Console and by offering a structured data testing tool.
The Semantic Web isn’t just about putting data on the web. It is about making links, so that a person or machine can explore the web of data. With linked data, when you have some of it, you can find other, related, data. Semantics or Structured Data add extra information to help you with the meaning of the information. Web sites using Schemas will be able to get more correlated to the contextual content.

RankBrain by Google, the machine-learning artificial intelligence system is a software which is integrated into the algorithm to mathematically connect words and phrases. RankBrain uses artificial intelligence to embed vast amounts of written language into mathematical entities — called vectors — that the computer can understand.
When a search takes place on Google, the search query now gets accessed by the RankBrain program/software to deliver more relevant search results. Especially if the query is a rare one.
By making the query accessible to software (RankBrain), the software will essentially become able to understand knowledge, think about knowledge via mathematical computations using word and phrase vectors, and create new knowledge. In other words, the software will be able to be more intelligent – not as intelligent as humans perhaps, but more intelligent than say, the word to word mapping is today. Especially for rare queries which need to be understood to deliver results.
For quality search results, Google wants to move away from word to word mapping and reach a level of, understanding the meaning behind the search query. Algorithms today are getting tuned to understand the intent of the user and display results which will be more useful for the user to take decisions or will give him more detailed information about the topic he is searching.
Voice search is the next big frontier which needs to be given importance. The Mobile Voice Study by the Mountain View, CA, a provider of search, online advertising technologies and other Internet products and services found that 55 percent of teens aged 13-18 use voice search every day, while 56 percent of adults said using voice search makes them feel tech-savvy. Voice search is not about rankings or listings but being a part of the conversation.
As we can see that people prefer the video content more than text content when browsing from smartphones and mobile devices. The trend is moving to viewing content and to other formats which save time. Voice search avoids the hassle of keying in the query which is going to be a next big search revolution.
Google Webmaster Trends Analyst John Mueller said in a Google hangout, at the 23-minute mark, that Google is looking for ways to show webmasters in the Google Search Console how people are finding their pages through voice search. 2017 is the time to prepare for the voice search scenario.
Social Media is a platform which is here to stay. The social media sites may gain or lose preference but people surely check the social media accounts to get an idea about the company approach towards its customers.
Search and Social integration will only become stronger by the day and search algorithms will also be smart to filter social spam. Social Media platforms also are working on making their search functionality stronger. Hence, if the user goes to search and then reaches the social media accounts for further information or the user goes to social media accounts and the uses its search/search engines for more details is not imperative. But, having a social media presence is a must for putting your best foot forward and your voice heard.
It's been two years since Google started its active campaign for Web security and announced HTTP to be a ranking factor.
‘Trust’ is the icing of the multi layer semantic cake and signature and encryption as the two main structures. Ensuring security for the user can make the website trust worthy for the user.

Secure sites generate a better CTR and users feel more confident in sharing personal data. eCommerce sites with payment gateways cannot underestimate the importance of having a secure site.
Security is a top priority for Google. Google also gives a ranking boost to HTTPS/SSL sites, provided the site has quality content. Security of a site influences the trust factor. But, moving from HTTP to HTTPS has a series of SEO repercussions which need to be kept in mind.
Just as white light consists of a collection of colors, white hat SEO in 2017 will be the result of the correct implementation of the above mentioned points.
SEO services are becoming niche and are getting a definite meaning and form eventually. Finally, the much-awaited era for genuine SEO is in the offing.

If you are passionate about SEO then www.searchengineland.com has to be on your priority list for latest search updates. Hence, being passionate about SEO and the search industry, I have been an avid reader of the searchenginland.com content. After the official Google Webmaster’s blog https://webmasters.googleblog.com/ the SEL blog is one of the most trusted and reliable sources for any SEO updates.
After my humble experience in this field, I have been a contributor to some reputed blogs like SEJ, SEW, MOZ, Level343 and of course my company blog. The Author profile links are as follows:
https://www.searchenginejournal.com/author/bharati-ahuja/
https://searchenginewatch.com/author/bharati-ahuja/
https://moz.com/community/users/170771?170771
http://level343.com/?s=bharati+ahuja&lang=en
I thank all the editors of these blogs for accepting my articles and publishing them. As 'guest posting' is a matter of great importance to every SEO, I would like to bring this to your notice. I do understand and respect the fact that, to accept or reject a post is entirely the prerogative of the editor and I surely respect that. I think all authors must have at times faced the dejection of their article being rejected. It is all part of the game.
But, the most frustrating point is when you send a post as per the procedure mentioned on the site you want to contribute to, and:

I have experienced this with SEL. I would like to bring to your notice that a lot of effort, time and resources are spent on writing a post. Especially for a reputed blog like yours, as every contributor would like to put their best foot forward. Hence if we get a timely reply for acceptance/rejection of the post, it would be very helpful. We can at least publish it on some other platform. I say timely response because as you know that due to the ever evolving nature of the SEO industry the post can be of less or no relevance if the publishing is delayed. This results in a sheer waste of valuable time and effort spent on writing that post.
I have also been communicating on Twitter and thanks for the replies but it does not lead to any definite answers.
https://twitter.com/sengineland/status/803287201681436672
As you mentioned in the Twitter conversation, you surely must be receiving many posts and it must be a challenging task to reply to all but I suggest that you at least mention the status (under review/rejected) of the post in some way. Or, mention that if the contributor does not receive a reply in a specific time he/she should assume that the post is rejected and will not be published.
I am sure every well written, in-depth post, when published, is a mutually beneficial proposition for the writer as well as the blog on which it gets published.
Last but not the least, "Wishing A Merry Christmas & Happy Holidays" to everyone at Search Engine Land.




AMP Pages are the future for mobile search results. Google has announced recently that they will be removing “mobile-friendly” labels from search results and they also announced that they are testing to show AMP pages with a AMP icon in the search results.

Hence, soon the AMP pages will move out from the Top Stories section and will be a part of the SERPs. Considering how the mobile usage is exponentially increasing , making your site AMP compliant and tracking its performance is a necessity.
In order to add Google analytics to the AMP Pages, include the following script in the <head>, before the AMP JS library:
<script async custom-element="amp-analytics"
src="//cdn.ampproject.org/v0/amp-analytics-0.1.js"></script>
Add the amp-analytics element to the body of your page. Then to enable the built-in support for Google Analytics, set the type attribute of the amp-analytics element to 'googleanalytics'. It is recommended to include an id attribute so that you can easily identify each amp-analytics element (e.g. debugging).
<amp-analytics type="googleanalytics" id="analytics1">
...
</amp-analytics>
Note: It is recommended that you set up and use a separate property for AMP measurement.
Some other vendors offering Analytics For AMP Pages are:
Validation
To check if the analytics code is correctly added one can validate the AMP pages on https://validator.ampproject.org/
Related Posts On AMP:

Google recently announced on their blog that they will soon remove the “Mobile-Friendly” labels from search results.
Google said that they have found that 85% of all pages in the mobile search results now meet this criteria and show the mobile-friendly label.
This does not mean that mobile-friendly criteria is not a ranking signal. It will continue to be a ranking signal but the label will be removed from search results to keep the search results uncluttered. Google will continue providing the mobile usability report in Search Console and the mobile-friendly test to help webmasters evaluate the effect of the mobile-friendly signal on their pages.
Google also added:
“To improve the mobile search experience, after January 10, 2017, pages where content is not easily accessible to a user on the transition from the mobile search results may not rank as highly.”
Pages that show intrusive interstitials provide a poorer experience to users than other pages where content is immediately accessible. This can be problematic on mobile devices where screens are often smaller.
Here are some examples of techniques that make content less accessible to a user:
Examples of interstitials that make content less accessible

By contrast, here are some examples of techniques that, used responsibly, would not be affected by the new signal:
Examples of interstitials that would not be affected by the new signal, if used responsibly


As the no. of online users go on increasing multi fold every minute the need for every business to have a quality web presence across all types of devices being used becomes all the more a priority and a necessity and not an option.
According to additional statistics:
Google I/O 2016 discussed:
“WE ALWAYS OVERESTIMATE THE CHANGE THAT WILL OCCUR IN THE NEXT TWO YEARS AND UNDERESTIMATE THE CHANGE THAT WILL OCCUR IN THE NEXT TEN. DON’T LET YOURSELF BE LULLED INTO INACTION”
The importance of SEO can never be ignored. Whenever, someone on the web mentions ‘SEO IS DEAD’, it comes back to life with more vigor and vitality. In fact, with the expansion of the mobile web, SEO has got more extended and more technical. As the search algorithms get more sophisticated, the SEO deliverables too get more technical. As SEO now needs to focus more on speed, privacy, security, app challenges like giving the user a seamless experience from being navigated from the app to the website and back.
The first International Day of Yoga was observed world over on June 21st 2015 by PM Narendra Modi. The United Nations has declared June 21st as the International Day Of Yoga. On this occasion I just thought of listing out the similarities between Yoga and SEO.
Yoga is not about exercise but to find out the sense of individuality within one’s self, the world and the nature. Similarly, SEO is not about rankings but about establishing your brand online
In Vedic Sanskrit, yoga means "to add", "to join", "to unite", or "to attach" in its most common literal sense. Yoga can take on meanings such as "connection", "contact", "union", "method", "application", "addition" and "performance". In simpler words, Yoga also means "combined".
When we optimize a website we literally try to see that our website gets correlated to the targeted search queries and thereby the targeted audience. But, before this happens the site has to be as per the norms of the search engines and needs to be crawled and indexed regularly by the search engines. All this has to be achieved harmoniously via a step by step process .

Just as in Yoga the union of the body and soul is achieved gradually with regular practice and patience, the SEO results need patience and regular monitoring of the website.
According to David Gordon White, from the 5th century CE onward, the core principles of "yoga" were more or less in place, and variations of these principles developed in various forms over time:
SEO also can be compared to Yoga as per the above 4 points:
Apart from the spiritual goals, the physical postures of yoga are used to alleviate health problems, reduce stress and make the spine supple in contemporary times. Yoga is also used as a complete exercise program and physical therapy routine.
The three prominent types of yoga are:
Apart from attaining good search presence for targeted search queries, the main goal of SEO is to help build a brand for the business , win the trust of the users and help in retaining it for a long time.
All this can be possible by working on :
While the practice of yoga continues to rise in contemporary American culture, sufficient and adequate knowledge of the practice’s origins does not. According to Andrea R. Jain, Yoga is undoubtedly a movement for spiritual meditation, but now is being marketed as a supplement to a cardio routine. This scope "dilutes its identity." Contemporaries of this faith argue that the more popular yoga gets, the less concerned people become about its origins in history.
While the SEO industry shows a promising growth quantitatively and qualitatively, the true meaning of SEO is tarnished by black hat SEOs and newbies who promise quick results and measure its success by rankings alone. This dilutes the true meaning of SEO and defeats the main purpose of optimizing a site.
Yoga is both an Art and a Science...
SEO too is considered as an Art and a Science...
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